Soil Carbon

“C and N mineralization following organic amendment additions varied at different soil moisture levels. While biochar and compost can increase GHG emissions, optimizing water management can help reduce GHG emissions.”

“We found an association between increased carbon, aggregation, and AMF biomass. Greater soil aggregation, carbon and AMF were observed in NT at 0–5 cm soil depth. The W-S cropping system had greater soil microbial community composition based on fungi biomass, AMF and fungal to bacteria ratio from phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA). Large macroaggregates were positively correlated with total C and N, microbial biomass, Gram + , and AMF. Soil water content was positively correlated with macroaggregates, total C and N, and AC. No-till increased soil carbon content even after 44 years of cult”

“Across 648 soil profiles in North Carolina, particulate organic matter — the fraction most responsive to management — made up 35% of total soil organic C in the top 10 cm but only 10% at 30–60 cm, and was lower in sandier soils. Poultry litter application raised root-zone particulate organic C and N by 17%–32%, and pastures 30 years old held 4%–20% more than newer pastures, while deeper, stable (nonparticulate) carbon was set by long-term soil formation rather than management.”

“After 27 years of no-till in central Ohio, compost and manure raised topsoil (0-20 cm) carbon stocks about 66%-67% above fallow, with compost sequestering 0.85 Mg C/ha/yr and manure adding the most nitrogen (0.061 Mg N/ha/yr); cover crops alone gave a smaller 21%-27% gain. Higher soil carbon tracked better aggregate stability (R2 = 0.76) and lower bulk density, though compost also pushed up salinity near the surface.”

“A 5-year statewide Nebraska on-farm experiment (2016–2021, 17 farmer collaborators, UNL + USDA-NRCS) found cover crop use had the greatest impact on soil organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics across all practices tested. Effects were practice-specific: cover crops improved biological activity and reduced recommended N inputs; reduced tillage and diversified rotations showed variable results. No single practice improved all soil properties — a systems-level approach combining multiple practices delivered the most consistent gains.”

“Cropping systems with perennial vegetation and livestock integration promote soil health.”

“Nitrate leaching into groundwater as a result of high N fertilizer rates to annual crops presents human health risks and high costs associated with water treatment. Intermediate wheatgrass is a low-input crop has the potential to produce profitable grain and biomass yields while reducing nitrate.”

“Soil microbial activity profiles associated with organic compost fertilizers in an urban garden.”

“Curtailing lead aerosols: effects of primary lead prevention on soil lead, pediatric exposures, and community health.”

“This study examined long-term cover crop management effects on soil health in semiarid drylands.”

“The effect of irrigation and organic amendments on soil CO2 emissions from a Hawai'ian soil.”

“The use of cover crops for the maintenance and restoration of soil organic carbon and soil productivity of previously eroded soils were evaluated.”

“Gypsum, crop rotation, and cover crop impacts on soil organic carbon and biological dynamics in rainfed transitional no-till corn-soybean systems.”

“Changes in water-extractable organic carbon with cover crop planting under continuous corn silage production.”

“Assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture and vegetation with a crop simulation model for maize yield prediction.”

“Waste generation and carbon emissions of a hospital kitchen in the US: Potential for waste diversion and carbon reductions.”

“A lifecycle model to evaluate carbon sequestration potential and greenhouse gas dynamics of managed grasslands.”

“We estimate carbon dioxide abatements and emissions associated with the concurrent production of bioenergy and biochar through biomass gasification in an organic walnut farm and processing facility in California, USA.”

“Deep soil inventories reveal that impacts of cover crops and compost on soil carbon sequestration differ in surface and subsurface soils.”

“Crop residue removal may negatively affect soil mechanical properties, which are key components of soil quality. To evaluate potential long-term effects, we assessed the 10-yr impact of corn residue removal on surface soil mechanical characteristics.”

“The initial nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane costs of converting conservation reserve program grassland to row crops under notill vs. conventional tillage.”

“Soil microaggregate decay over time and soil carbon change as influenced by different tillage systems.”

“Long-term crop rotation and tillage effects on soil greenhouse gas emissions and crop production in Illinois, USA.”

“Tillage, Cover Crop and Crop Rotation Effects on Selected Soil Chemical Properties.”

“Longterm tillage with poultry litter application can increase soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization and fertility.”

“Impacts of soil carbon sequestration on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in Midwestern USA beef finishing systems.”

“Large grazers suppress a foundational plant and reduce soil carbon concentration in eastern US saltmarshes.”

“Soil carbon maintained by perennial grasslands over 30 years but lost in field crop systems in a temperate Mollisol.”

“We investigated how manipulations of COsub>2/sub>, soil nitrogen supply, and plant species richness influenced total ecosystem C storage over 19 years in a free-air BioCON grassland experiment.”

“Grassland-to-cropland conversion increased soil, nutrient, and carbon losses in the US Midwest between 2008 and 2016.”

“Long term influence of alternative corn cropping practices on soil health, yields and forage quality.”

“Simulated dryland cotton yield response to selected scenario factors associated with soil health.”

“Conservation agriculture increases the soil resilience and cotton yield stability in climate extremes of the southeast US.”

“Long-term tillage and drainage influences on soil organic carbon dynamics, aggregate stability and corn yield.”

“A regional scale modeling framework combining biogeochemical model with life cycle and economic analysis for integrated assessment of cropping systems.”

“We introduce a new configuration of the Community Land Model which includes a fully prognostic water table calculation for a vegetated peatland.”

“Assessing the impacts of tillage and fertilization management on nitrous oxide emissions in a cornfield using the DNDC model.”

“We report on the unique ability of photo-acoustic measurements of dry and thermal-denuded absorption to deconstruct this complicated wavelength-dependent system of absorption and mixing.”

“Lactobionate, a byproduct of cheese production, can be used as a soil amendment in winter wheat and corn production.”

“Organic amendments like compost can enhance soil health and climate change mitigation in managed grasslands. Here, we examined plant and soil biota responses over three growing seasons to better understand how plant–soil feedbacks support net soil organic carbon sequestration under compost.”

“Relationship among Different Soil Biochemical Methods to Determine Soil Health.”

“This study evaluated optimal locations for in situ remediation of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater with colloidal activated carbon.”

“Simulating Soil Organic Carbon Responses to Cropping Intensity, Tillage, and Climate Change in Pacific Northwest Dryland.”

“Quantifying changes in total and pyrogenic carbon stocks across fire severity gradients in California mixed-conifer forest.”

“Soil texture and environmental conditions influence the biogeochemical responses of soils to drought and flooding.”

“Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fires.”

“Enzyme activities distinguish long-term fertilizer effects under different soil storage methods.”

“This study aimed to characterize the soil bacterial community in selected boxwood gardens across the United States.”

“Post-Wildfire Mobilization of Organic Carbon.”

“Whole orchard recycling improves climate change adaptation and mitigation potential of almond production systems.”

“Use of historical mapping to understand sources of soil-lead contamination: Case study of Santa Ana, CA.”

“Agricultural plastic pollution reduces soil function even under best management practices.”

“We report on findings from the Healthy Soils for Healthy Communities Initiative in Los Angeles, CA, United States.”

“Sheep grazing as a strategy to manage cover crops in Mediterranean vineyards: short-term effects on soil C, N and greenhouse gas emissions.”

“Quantifying and mapping atmospheric potassium deposition for soil ecosystem services assessment in the United States.”

“Soil lead distribution in Chicago, USA.”

“Long-term repeated application of fumigants can have greater and longer lasting impacts on soil microbial communities than single fumigation events.”

“Potential carbon mineralization assays are confounded by different soil drying temperatures.”

“Stover harvest increases plant macro and micronutrient removal, but does not affect average grain yields.”

“Spatiotemporal Analysis of Soil Quality Degradation and Emissions in the State of Iowa (USA).”

“A conceptual evaluation of sustainable variable-rate agricultural residue removal.”

“Divergent extremes but convergent recovery of bacterial and archaeal soil communities to an ongoing subterranean coal mine fire.”

“The presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in soil exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluent.”

“Interstate comparison of soil remediation standards among six Mid-Atlantic states, USA.”

“Enhanced tolerance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants on abandoned mine land soil leads to overexpression of cannabinoids.”

“Integrated weed management with strategic tillage can maintain soil quality in continuous living cover systems.”

“Cover crop composition in longterm notill soils in semiarid environments do not influence soil health measurements after one year.”

“A deep learning-based tool that automates soil sampling site selection using spectral images.”

“Reanalysis Validates Soil Health Indicator Sensitivity and Correlation with Longterm Crop Yields.”

“Simulated impacts of winter rye cover crop on continuous corn yield and soil parameters.”

“Soil profile distribution of nutrients in contrasting soils amended with struvite and other conventional phosphorus fertilizers.”

“Marshes in the urban Jamaica Bay Estuary are disappearing at an average rate of 13 ha/yr, and multiple stressors (e.g., wastewater inputs, dredging activities, groundwater removal, and global warming) may be contributing to marsh losses.”

“Understanding the influence of soil moisture on heatwave characteristics in the contiguous United States.”

“Agronomic optimum N fertilization is critical to maintain or increase soil organic C in Midwest cropping systems.”

“A simple method of estimating changes in biologically active soil carbon could help evaluate soil quality impacts of alternative management practices.”

“Seasonal Changes of Soil Quality Indicators in Selected Arid Cropping Systems.”

“Modeled impacts of cover crops and vegetative barriers on corn stover availability and soil quality.”

“Plant biomass, not plant economics traits, determines responses of soil CO 2 efflux to precipitation in C 4 grass Panicum virgatum.”

“Sustainable aviation fuel production from Brassica carinata in the Southern United States.”

“Soiltest biological activity with the flush of CO 2: VI. Economics of optimized nitrogen inputs for corn.”

“Bioenergy cropping systems could help offset greenhouse gas emissions, but quantifying that offset is complex.”

“Relationship of inseason soil nitrogen concentration with corn yield and potential nitrogen losses.”

“Predicting crop yields and soil N dynamics in the US Corn Belt.”

“Valid inferences about soil carbon in heterogeneous landscapes.”

“Soil organic carbon is more strongly related to soil moisture than soil temperature in temperate grasslands.”

“A common idea of soil carbon processes is that litter decomposition rates and soil carbon stocks are inversely related. To test this overall hypothesis, simultaneous studies were conducted of the relationship of environmental gradients to leaf, wood, buried cloth and percent soil organic matter in Taxodium distichum swamps across the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley and northern Gulf of Mexico of the US.”

“Soil geochemistry as a driver of soil organic matter composition: insights from a soil chronosequence.”

“Organic cropping systems enhance soil health indicators in a Mollisol of the US Corn Belt.”

“Organic matter: a critical soil health indicator in agrosystems within the Cerrado of Bahia, Brazil and South Florida, USA.”

“Sensitive Measures of Soil Health Reveal Carbon Stability Across a Management Intensity and Plant Biodiversity Gradient.”

“Can Low-Cost, Handheld Spectroscopy Tools Coupled with Remote Sensing Accurately Estimate Soil Organic Carbon in Semi-Arid Grazing Lands?.”

“Land use and pasture management affect the gradient of organic matter fractions from active to resistant.”

“Rootzone enrichment of soil organic carbon and nitrogen under grazing and other land uses in a humidtemperate region.”

“Shrubs have increased in dryland ecosystems globally over the past century. This land cover change has occurred at the Santa Rita Experimental Range (southern Arizona, USA) in conjunction with well-documented, long-term land management experiments.”

“Cropping system and rotational grazing effects on soil fertility and enzyme activity in an integrated organic crop-livestock system.”

“The restoration of soil organic matter within the world’s agricultural soils is imperative to sustaining crop production and restoring other ecosystem services. We compiled long-term studies on the effect of management practices on SOC from Iowa, USA—an agricultural region with relatively high-quality soil data—to highlight constraints on detecting changes in SOC and inform research needed to improve SOC measurement and management.”

“Degradation of tetracycline, sulfamethazine, and tylosin in soil from prairie strips and row crops in Iowa.”

“Prairie restoration on reclaimed mine land was effective in establishing a native plant community, with the associated ecosystem benefits.”

“Soil microbes weaken the positive effect of an aquatic–terrestrial subsidy on plant performance.”

“Plant–soil microbe feedbacks depend on distance and ploidy in a mixed cytotype population.”

“The degree to which spatial variation in soil microbial communities modulates plant species’ distributions remains largely untested.”

“Life-history strategies of soil microbial communities in an arid ecosystem.”

“Comparing Soybean Productivity, Soil Health, and Economic Viability Under NoTillage and Conventional Tillage in the Lower Mississippi Delta.”

“Crop Residue Management Challenges: A Special Issue.”

“Light grazing and grassland restoration has potential to improve soil health and resilience”

“Oat and its mixture with other cover crops show promises to improve soil health and resilience in semi-arid systems”

“Cover cropping enhances microbial abundance, enzyme activity & C-N cycling in semi-arid systems”

“Land use change from native grasslands to arable lands globally impacts soil ecosystem functions, including the storage of soil organic carb”

“Standard soil health frameworks built around raising organic matter in humid regions don't transfer well to arid and semi-arid Great Plains soils, where low rainfall caps SOM gains; dryland assessments need indicators tied to water-related functions instead. Gains in soil health indicators are largest when practices are stacked — reduced tillage plus residue retention, organic amendments, and more diverse, intensified rotations — rather than adopted singly.”

“Soil carbon sequestration potential and the identification of hotspots in the eastern Corn Belt of the United States.”

“Cropland soil nitrogen oxide emissions vary with dairy manure incorporation methods.”

“Land application of manure can lead to an overabundance of nutrients and introduction of emerging contaminants into agricultural fields. Subsurface injection has been shown to reduce nutrients in surface runoff.”

“Soil solarization in high tunnels is a viable and effective management strategy for root-knot nematodes.”

“Long-term biosolids applications improve key soil health functions for semi-arid dryland systems.”

“Trends in soil organic matter and topsoil thickness under regenerative practices at the University of Washington student farm.”

“Dynamic soil properties for soil health (DSP4SH) database 1.0 – Phase 1 and 2 datasets.”

“Unmanned aerial vehicles can be used to monitor soil moisture in semiarid regions. We collected high resolution RGB imagery concurrently with hundreds of SM samples across nine sites over a latitudinal gradient in the western USA. We used RGB bands, texture metrics, and vegetation indices to predict SM using machine learning.”

“Assessing biological soil crusts as agents of Ca–Mg silicate dissolution and COsub>2 sequestration.”

“Carbon Sequestration in Degraded Intermountain West Rangelands, United States.”

“A cultureindependent approach to understanding the role of soil fungal communities in i>Bromus tectorum/i> stand failure.”

“The Spruce and Peatland Responses under Changing Environments experiment was conducted in northern Minnesota to warm peat profiles to 2 m deep while keeping water flow intact.”

“Legume Cover Crop Contributions to Ecological Nutrient Management in Upper Midwest Vegetable Systems.”

“Synergy between compost and cover crops in a Mediterranean row crop system leads to increased subsoil carbon storage.”

“A probabilistic assessment of winter cover crop impacts on regional crop yield and soil carbon.”

“Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop improves soil physico-chemical properties with no influence on soybean root growth parameters.”

“We demonstrate how analytically supported planning for habitat restoration in stressed agricultural landscapes can recover biodiversity and create co-benefits during transitions to sustainability.”

“The Snowmelt Niche Differentiates Three Microbial Life Strategies That Influence Soil Nitrogen Availability during and after Winter.”

“SHAPEv1.0 Scoring curves and peer group benchmarks for dynamic soil health indicators.”

“Linking soil health indicators to management history and soybean yield.”

“Longterm conservation and conventional tillage systems impact physical and biochemical soil health indicators in a corn–soybean rotation.”

“Cover crop monocultures and mixtures affect soil health indicators and crop yield in the southeast United States.”

“Microbiome of Field Grown Hemp Reveals Potential Microbial Interactions With Root and Rhizosphere Soil.”

“Hemp biochar impacts on selected biological soil health indicators across different soil types and moisture cycles.”

“Midinfrared spectroscopy for prediction of soil health indicators in the United States.”

“The economic dimensions of soil health practices that sequester carbon: Promising research directions.”

“We investigated soil properties and climate variables influencing soil organic carbon concentrations across sub-Saharan Africa.”

“Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineralassociated fractions.”

“Sources of Variation in the Carbon Footprint of Hemodialysis Treatment.”

“A 2-year field study in Punjab, Pakistan quantified impacts of different nutrient management on harvestable carbon biomass, crop-derived C, soil organic C sequestration, and decomposition.”

“Reduced tillage and rotational diversity improve soil health in Missouri.”

“Despite the tradeoffs between mineral N retention and elevated GHG emissions, manure injection in notill systems benefits farmers by reducing soil carbon.”

“Soil microbiomes play a key role in driving biogeochemical cycles of the Earth system. As drought frequency and intensity increase due to climate change, soil microbes and the processes they control will be impacted.”

“Lowintensity frequent fires in coniferous forests transform soil organic matter in ways that may offset ecosystem carbon losses.”

“Sorghum biomass production in the continental United States and its potential impacts on soil organic carbon and nitrous oxide emissions.”

“Insufficient characterization of soil organic carbon dynamics in semi-arid climates contributes uncertainty to SOC sequestration estimates. This study estimated changes in SOC (0–30 cm depth) due to variations in manure management, tillage regime, winter cover crop, and crop rotation in southern Idaho (USA). Empirical data were used to drive the Denitrification Decomposition model in a “default” and calibrated capacity and forecast SOC levels until 2050.”

“Relationships between Soil Tillage Systems, Nematode Communities and Weed Seed Predation.”

“Integrated crop-livestock systems can improve soil health and economic benefits in South Dakota.”

“Preliminary Effects of Crop Residue Management on Soil Quality and Crop Production under Different Soil Management Regimes in Corn-Wheat Rotation Systems.”

“Land-use harmonization datasets for annual global carbon budgets.”

“The effects of soil depth on the structure of microbial communities in agricultural soils in Iowa.”

“Applying coal combustion residue as a carbon amendment (3.3–19.7 Mg C/ha) in a western Nebraska dry bean–maize–sugarbeet rotation gave no consistent yield benefit over three years, with only weak yield trends (p = 0.07–0.22) in some crop-years. It did not reduce herbicide effectiveness on weeds, though one mid-rate treatment cut maize yield where saflufenacil + dimethenamid-p was applied.”

“Soil health and nutrient dynamics in pasturelands: A decadal study on the effects of alternative grazing management.”